Chloride, temperature and oxidizers decide the wetted material, and the cost step between 316L, duplex, titanium and thermoplastics is steep. These articles give practical limits, the failure mode to expect when you push past them, and the fittings that usually leak before the vessel does.
Chloride Stress Corrosion Cracking: Why Stainless Fails Without Losing WeightSCC is a cracking failure with almost no metal loss, so inspection misses it. Temperature, stress and chloride together set the risk.Gaskets, Seals and Valves: Where Most Leaks Actually StartThe vessel is usually right and the fittings are wrong. A practical material pair for each duty, plus the three joints that fail most.PP, PE or PVDF: Picking a Thermoplastic for Acid ServicePolypropylene is the default, polyethylene the cheap option, PVDF the one that survives heat and oxidizers. Temperature sets the ceiling.316L vs Duplex vs Titanium: Choosing Steel for Chloride-Bearing LiquorsChloride concentration and temperature decide the alloy. Below the line 316L works; above it, duplex or titanium, and the cost step is steep.
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